Data obtained from the INRA CARRTEL laboratory in Thonon-les-Bains (SOERE-OLA: Observatory and Experimentation Systems for Environmental Research - LAkes Observatory) in collaboration with CISALB (Inter-Syndical Committee for Sanitation Lake Bourget). These data cover different topics: The variables of the physico-chemistry theme are: nitrogen, calcium, carbon, chlorides, conductivity, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphorus, potassium, reactive silica, sodium, sulphate, temperature, complete alkalimetric titre. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The water column is made at the deepest point of the lake (140 m). The samples are taken every 15 days. The period concerns a follow-up from 1999 to the present. The variables of the chlorophyll theme are: chlorophyll a strickland-parsons, chlorophyll c, carotenoids, chlorophyll a scor-unesco, pheopigments. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2006 to the present. The variables of the topic sampling conditions are: air temperature, cloudiness, sunshine, weather, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water aspect, surface condition, transparency, color of water. Studies are carried out approximately once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2010 to the present. The variables of the phytoplankton theme are: determiner name, sedimented volume, counting surface, determined taxon, number of counted fields, number of objects counted, number of objects per ml, number of cells per ml, biovolume of species In the sample. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 10m or 0 to 20m depending on the year. Samples are taken once a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1995 to the present. The variables of the primary production theme are: duration of incubation, primary production by actual incubation duration, primary production per hour, primary production by median third. Data taken at various depths on the lake's water column from 0 to 30m. The samples are taken once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2011 to the present. The variables of the probe theme are: depth, temperature, chlorophyll a, pH conductivity, oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, turbidity, transparency, by w, by a, pah, pc. Data obtained at various depths (every 10 cm approximately) over the whole water column of the lake (0 to 140m). Measurements are performed once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2003 to the present. The variables of the zooplankton theme are: name of the determiner, sedimented biovolume, name of the taxon determined, stage of development, number of individuals. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 50m. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1996 to the present (absence of data between 1997 and 2003 inclusive).

Data from the INRA CARRTEL laboratory in Thonon-les-Bains (SOERE-OLA: Observation and Experimental Systems for Environmental Research - LAkes Observatory) in collaboration with ASTERS (Conservatory of natural areas, preservation of the natural heritage of Haute-Savoie, nature reserves, fauna and flora species). The sentinel lakes are the lakes of: Anterne, Brévent, Bressse inf, Bresse sup, Horn, Cornu, Cos, Jovet, Lauzanier, Malrif, Muzelle, Pave, Pétarel, Pisses, Plan-Vanniey, Porménaz, Rabuons. These data cover different topics: The variables of the physico-chemistry theme are: nitrogen, calcium, carbon, chlorides, conductivity, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphorus, potassium, reactive silica, sodium, sulphate, temperature, complete alkalimetric titre. Data taken at various depths over the whole water column of the lakes concerned (Anterne, Brévent, Cornu, Jovet, Porménaz). The water column is made at the deepest point of each lake. The samples are taken every 15 days. The period concerns a follow-up from 1992 to the present. The variables of the sampling conditions theme (obtained on all the sentinel lakes) are: air temperature, cloudiness, sunshine, weather, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water aspect, Surface, transparency, color of water. Studies are carried out approximately once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up since 2013 (or 2014 according to the lakes) until today. The variables of the phytoplankton theme are: determiner name, sedimented volume, counting surface, determined taxon, number of counted fields, number of objects counted, number of objects per ml, number of cells per ml, biovolume of species In the sample. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 5m, 0 to 17m or 0 to 25m depending on the lakes (Anterne, Brévent, Corne, Cornu, Cos, Jovet, Porménaz, Rabuons). Samples are taken once a month. The period concerns a follow-up since 1998 (or 2015 according to the lakes) until today. The variables of the zooplankton theme are: name of the determiner, sedimented biovolume, name of the taxon determined, stage of development, number of individuals. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 24 m for Lake Corne, 0 to 37 m for Cos Lake and 0 to 44 m for Lake Rabuons. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2015 to the present.

The site of Montiers, localized at the boundaries between Meuse and Haute-Marne departments, North-East of France, has a large surface area (143 ha). It comprises two soil successions (toposequence) and the climate, stand conditions (age, species, forest management) are equivalent on all the surface of the site. The facility comprises three biogeochemical stations of 10 000 m2 each and one flux tower above forest canopy (45 m-high) settled along a soil succession representative of soils of the region. The three stations include four substations of which three are strongly equipped and one is free for future experimentations. Each equipped substation comprises lysimeters at different soil depths (litter, -10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 3 replicates in general), tensio-lysimeters (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm, -90 cm and -120 cm; 3 replicates in general) and temperature and moisture probes at different soil depths (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 4 replicates), litterbags (6 replicates), stemflows (6 replicates), gutters (4 replicates). These stations allow to follow-up on the long term the flows of water, and major (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, S, C, N) and trace (Cl, Se, B, I, Cs) elements between the different compartments (soil, tree, atmosphere) of a beech forest. Each station is settled on a different soil type, i.e., alocrisol, calci-brunisol, rendosol thus allowing to assess the impact of the soil type on biogeochemical cycles and on tree growth. The flux tower is equipped with a Eddy Covariance system (CO2, H2O, and sensible heat) and a complete set of sensors recording the aerial and edaphic meterological conditions, the phenology and the canopy status. The data from flux tower are available on demand. The forest mainly consists in a beech timber of about 50 years: dominant species and forestry in the region. The effect of the soil on the biogeochemical and biological functioning of this beech forest is dealt with a very integrated approach (ecophysiology, microbiology, soil science and biogeochemistry). In addition, the flux tower permits to measure, at various levels of the canopy and above, meteorological parameters (temperature, radiation, and precipitation), the gaseous exchanges and the particular deposits.

This SOERE aims at understanding and modelling the dynamics and ecological functioning of lake ecosystems affected by local and global forcing factors. Four peri -alpine lakes (Lakes Geneva , Annecy, Bourget, Aiguebelette) and their watersheds are monitored. These systems represent important natural resources and meet key societal demands (drinking water, fishing, tourism, biodiversity ... ) . The services provided by the Soere relates to both long-term in situ observation and experimentation. The observatory task is based on logistic, technical and analytical supports for (i) collecting environmental data (physico- chemical and biological), (ii) creating and managing database (ii) organizing the storage of reference biological samples. The accession to the data is possible according to the 'Terms & Conditions of Use' of the Soere Database. The SOERE OLA can provide logistic supports for sampling, in situ measurements and experimentation on Lake Geneva. This service is submitted to validation according to the " Logistic Support Leman" service charter. Other lake sites have joined the SOERE more recently, especially high lakes (sentinel lakes) and a model lake (meromictic), Lake Pavin. The SOERE OLA has Allenvi label.

Long term study of mixed forest of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex 55. Currently focused on carbon and water cycles, with routine measurements at the soil, plant, and ecosystem levels. Ecosystem manipulation consists in rainfall reduction and irrigation. Site is composed of : - a main enclosed area of 80x80 m ; - a 16 m tower supporting weather and eddy covariance measurements (ICOS level 2) - four 25x25 m plots (two inside and two outside the enclosed area) for 30% rainfall exclusion (with gutters), irrigation, control, and control with reversed gutters. In all plots, measurements are carried out for soil moisture, sap flow, stem diameter growth, leaf area index, litterfall, leaf water potential, and soil respiration.

The site of Qualiagro is part of the French national network SOERE PRO (System of Observation and Experimentation for Environmental Research on Organic Residue Recycling). The objectives of QualiAgro are to characterize the agronomic value of urban waste composts and their environmental impacts, in a long-term field trials and related laboratory characterization of the residues. The experimental site (48.90°N and 1.97°E) is located in Feucherolles France (175 m.a.s.l.) with a modified oceanic climate. The soil is a typical Luvisol on loess of the Paris Basin. It has been initiated in 1998 (INRA-Veolia partnership). It is structured as a complete randomized block design (4 replicates, 450m²/plots) on a total surface of 6 ha and include 5 organic treatments: 3 urban composts - a co-compost of Green Waste and Sludge (GWS), a Biowaste compost (BIOW) and a municipal solid waste compost (MSW) - , 1 reference organic amendment not composted - a farmyard manure (FYM)- and the control - without organic input. Amendments are applied every 2 years on wheat stubble with an objective of 4 t C ha-1. Additionally, the different treatments received 2 levels of additional mineral nitrogen: low mineral N or optimum mineral N. The field is managed in conventional wheat-maize rotation. Site and plots are equipped for continuous monitoring of meteorological data, soil temperature and humidity. One plot of each treatment is equipped with wick lysimeters at 2 depths (0.45 m and 1 m). At the end of 2014, automatics chambers for N2O and CO2 emission survey will be settled, in order to assess greenhouse gas emissions related to composts and manure use. A Large set of variables mainly including physico-chemical characteristics, are monitored on different compartments of the agro-system (composts, soils, plants, water leaching). For example composts quality, crop yields and grain and crop residues analytical characteristics , main soil analytical characteristics per layer , the chemical composition of soil solution (collected with lysimeters), biological communities (microfauna and macrofauned sampling, microbial biomass ) and activities (enzymatic activities, mineralization of organic matter). Data will be stored in a common database specifically developed for the SOERE PRO network and connected with the other SOERE. Soil and plant samples are kept in collection and available for further measurements.

The ambition of the XYLOSYLVE platform is twofold, to constitute a visible forest research facility for setting up innovative forestry practices and to build a scientific infrastructure of national and international interest for terrestrial ecology. XYLOSYLVE is an ensemble of three long-term complementary field experiments and laboratory facilities associated with. Each experiment is spatially distinct from the other but all are co-located in the INRA Hermitage area close from Bordeaux city. The experiments are designed to testing forest management alternatives dedicated to biomass and wood production in Atlantic conditions as follows: 1) Three large plots (8ha) are manipulated according to three management alternatives (Pine-Eucalypt mixture, pure enhanced Pine variety and environment-friendly Pine standard) and equipped with automated instrumentations for monitoring biogeochemistry in the different compartments of ecosystems (soil, soil solution, vegetation, atmosphere). The equipment and protocols implemented are installed in collaboration with the ICOS project according to common quality assurance standards (ICOS site Class 3). These 3 plots are not replicated here. 2) A fully randomised 4-blocks experiment includes the same three treatments than above and 5 additional treatments including various levels of species mixture, fertilisation, soil preparation and legumes introduction. The 32 plots are further split according to no till - deep tillage to a total of 64 subplots each covering 0.12 ha to a total of approximately 40ha. 3) The third experiment includes 2 levels of fertilisation (control - full annual NPK inputs), 2 levels of irrigation (control (rainfall) - daily irrigation at PET) and 2 species (local Pine species - Eucalypt hybrid) replicated in four blocks and covering an area of 8 ha (plot unit ~0.25ha). XYlosylve serve as a long term research and experimental site for temperate planted forest systems in close connection with a regional network of forest experimental sites where feasibility of new forest management alternatives is evaluated. The interest of XYLOSYLVE is double: - Allow the long term monitoring of the functioning of biophysics and biogeochemistry of new forest ecosystems with high production potential. Offer to the scientific community and to the forest-based industry a common platform to gather scientific data and wood samples and test ecosystems to better understand their dynamics and their environmental impacts; - Assess durability and environmental performance of various management options for dendro-biomass production systems (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, phosphorus uptake, long term fertility, water and energy use efficiency, evaluation of vulnerability to biotic risks /insects, pathogens/ and abiotic risks/wind, drought/ …).

Observation and Experimentation Systems for Environmental Research (SOERE, AllEnvi label) are network of sites devoted to the long term study of environment. Information Systems are developed by the INRA EcoInformatic Group in order to manage data collected from the SOERE and others long-term observatory sites coordinated or jointly coordinated by INRA (F-ORE-T: forest ecosystems; ACBB: grassland and field crop agroecosystems; PRO, soils and impact of organic waste products; OLA, Observatoire des LACs alpins). The process of development of a SOERE Information System is based on a collaborative approach involving a core group of informatics engineers located in INRA Infosol Service Unit and partners from the SOERE. The whole Information System is composed by a core software component (the kernel), common to all IS, and plugins specific to the different types of data (Climate, Flux, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton...). Each IS is accessible through specific web interfaces. All components are based on Java technologies.

AnaEE France has brought together in an integrated network a unique collection of experimental platforms in controlled, semi-natural or natural environments, analysis platforms and shared instruments as well as modeling platforms and Database Information Systems, all devoted to the biology of continental ecosystems. The infrastructure is built around three main service offerings that provide access to a range of experimental facilities: the Très Grande Infrastructure de Recherche des Écotrons - Écotrons Very Large Research Infrastructure, four experimental platforms in semi-natural environments, and some 20 natural sites in metropolitan France and French Guiana where long-term experiments are conducted in forests, pastures, lakes and crops. In the field of environmental microbiology, AnaEE France is also investing in the shared instruments and analytical resources required for a detailed characterization of the environment and microorganisms. In a single integrated network it provides all the tools required to study, understand and model biological systems and conduct innovative biological research on gene - environment interactions, biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems.

With this innovative platform we will be able to bring the laboratory to the field (rather than report samples to the laboratory with all that that implies as disruption and transformation between the in situ sampling and laboratory analysis). It is composed of a number of complimentary and innovative kits (soil,vegetation, micro climate, microbiology..). Each kit contains mobile state of the art equipement able to fullfill a great number of analytic and monitoring tasks.. It will aim: (i) to characterize environmentally terrestrial ecosystems (especially sites non-instrumented but with great potential to generalize the results obtained on the three nodes of the project (eg experimental devices GIS Data Cooperative - or provenance trials - eg Plantacomp) - the platform will be a major-waiting for inter-study ecosystems (forests, grasslands, crops); (ii) allow campaigns targeted measures at highly instrumented monitoring sites or at other representative sites(instantaneous flow capture special events, unstable compounds) (iii) serve as a support for the development of measures in situ and non-destructive analytic techniques and methods. (soil, vegetation….) Overall, this platform is a facility open acces, usuable by the entire community of environmental sciencists.