The SOERE PRO is a network of long-term field experiments dedicated to the quantification of all effects of organic residue (OR) application in agriculture. It has been created in 2011 to evaluate benefits and risks associated to organic residue recycling in agriculture. The SOERE PRO provides data (1) to better evaluate the effects of regular OR application on organic matter dynamic and potential C storage in soils, biogeochemical cycles of nutrients (C, N, P), fate of potentially present chemical and biological contaminants, soil biological activities; (2) simulate the long-term consequences of regular application and integrate them in environmental analysis that will allow to (3) test various alternative scenarios of application. The experimental sites allow measuring the long-term evolution of the agro-system after repeated applications of organic residues derived from urban and agricultural activities (sludge, composts, manures) and undergoing various treatments (none, composting, anaerobic digestion). The SOERE PRO network involved different research institutes and collaborations with concerned professional partners. The SOERE PRO sites are managed to provide field experiments to support research programs (ex. FP7 GENESIS, ADEME Bioindicateurs, ANR Isard, ANR CESA CEMABS, SNOWMAN, PhD works). 3 on-going sites of the SOERE PRO network are involved in ANAEE-France: QualiAgro located in the Paris basin comparing urban composts and manure (started in 1998), EFELE located in Brittany comparing different manures and different treatment processes (started in 2012), Colmar located in north east of France comparing composted and non-composted residues (started in 2000). In addition to those 3 sites involved directly in ANAEE-France, the SOERE PRO network includes also 4 other sites covering larger agro-pedo-climatic contexts with: 1 site located in tropical conditions in La Réunion Island comparing urban OR and farm effluents (started in 2014), 2 historical sites OR where OR spreading has stopped but allowing to study system resiliency and including high contamination levels (La Bouzule and Couhins), 1 site located in Burkina Faso devoted to the study of the OR input mode of various composts and conducted under tropical conditions. The same analyses and measurements are managed on the 3 sites involved in ANAEE-France. The same instrumentations are installed to monitor the hydrodynamic functioning of soil: TDR probes, tensiometers, temperature sensors, lysimeters. Climatic data are monitored on all sites. Greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CO2) will be continuously measured by gas measurement chambers. The applied organic residues, soils, crops and waters (rains and leached waters) are sampled and analysed similarly (parameters, analytical methods, laboratories). Data management is centralized at the SOERE PRO level with the development of web interfaces (data integration and extraction) and data bases for field experiment data, analytical data of organic wastes applied in France and for traceability information concerning SOERE PRO samples. The information system is developed by the INRA EcoInformatique team devoted to develop and manage the information systems of the INRA long-term observatories (INRA Orléans). Samples of OR, soil and crops are long-term stored under harmonized conditions to allow future analyses and/or future investigations by scientists.

The ambition of the XYLOSYLVE platform is twofold, to constitute a visible forest research facility for setting up innovative forestry practices and to build a scientific infrastructure of national and international interest for terrestrial ecology. XYLOSYLVE is an ensemble of three long-term complementary field experiments and laboratory facilities associated with. Each experiment is spatially distinct from the other but all are co-located in the INRA Hermitage area close from Bordeaux city. The experiments are designed to testing forest management alternatives dedicated to biomass and wood production in Atlantic conditions as follows: 1) Three large plots (8ha) are manipulated according to three management alternatives (Pine-Eucalypt mixture, pure enhanced Pine variety and environment-friendly Pine standard) and equipped with automated instrumentations for monitoring biogeochemistry in the different compartments of ecosystems (soil, soil solution, vegetation, atmosphere). The equipment and protocols implemented are installed in collaboration with the ICOS project according to common quality assurance standards (ICOS site Class 3). These 3 plots are not replicated here. 2) A fully randomised 4-blocks experiment includes the same three treatments than above and 5 additional treatments including various levels of species mixture, fertilisation, soil preparation and legumes introduction. The 32 plots are further split according to no till - deep tillage to a total of 64 subplots each covering 0.12 ha to a total of approximately 40ha. 3) The third experiment includes 2 levels of fertilisation (control - full annual NPK inputs), 2 levels of irrigation (control (rainfall) - daily irrigation at PET) and 2 species (local Pine species - Eucalypt hybrid) replicated in four blocks and covering an area of 8 ha (plot unit ~0.25ha). XYlosylve serve as a long term research and experimental site for temperate planted forest systems in close connection with a regional network of forest experimental sites where feasibility of new forest management alternatives is evaluated. The interest of XYLOSYLVE is double: - Allow the long term monitoring of the functioning of biophysics and biogeochemistry of new forest ecosystems with high production potential. Offer to the scientific community and to the forest-based industry a common platform to gather scientific data and wood samples and test ecosystems to better understand their dynamics and their environmental impacts; - Assess durability and environmental performance of various management options for dendro-biomass production systems (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, phosphorus uptake, long term fertility, water and energy use efficiency, evaluation of vulnerability to biotic risks /insects, pathogens/ and abiotic risks/wind, drought/ …).

The Lusignan platform is dedicated to temporary grassland. It has been designed to increase our understanding of the effects of management of mixed arable crops / grasslands systems on the environmental outputs. The main scientific issue concerns the effects of grassland duration and management on SOM dynamics (quantity and composition), GHG emissions (CO2, N2O), nutrient lixiviation and functional biodiversity.

The site of Qualiagro is part of the French national network SOERE PRO (System of Observation and Experimentation for Environmental Research on Organic Residue Recycling). The objectives of QualiAgro are to characterize the agronomic value of urban waste composts and their environmental impacts, in a long-term field trials and related laboratory characterization of the residues. The experimental site (48.90°N and 1.97°E) is located in Feucherolles France (175 m.a.s.l.) with a modified oceanic climate. The soil is a typical Luvisol on loess of the Paris Basin. It has been initiated in 1998 (INRA-Veolia partnership). It is structured as a complete randomized block design (4 replicates, 450m²/plots) on a total surface of 6 ha and include 5 organic treatments: 3 urban composts - a co-compost of Green Waste and Sludge (GWS), a Biowaste compost (BIOW) and a municipal solid waste compost (MSW) - , 1 reference organic amendment not composted - a farmyard manure (FYM)- and the control - without organic input. Amendments are applied every 2 years on wheat stubble with an objective of 4 t C ha-1. Additionally, the different treatments received 2 levels of additional mineral nitrogen: low mineral N or optimum mineral N. The field is managed in conventional wheat-maize rotation. Site and plots are equipped for continuous monitoring of meteorological data, soil temperature and humidity. One plot of each treatment is equipped with wick lysimeters at 2 depths (0.45 m and 1 m). At the end of 2014, automatics chambers for N2O and CO2 emission survey will be settled, in order to assess greenhouse gas emissions related to composts and manure use. A Large set of variables mainly including physico-chemical characteristics, are monitored on different compartments of the agro-system (composts, soils, plants, water leaching). For example composts quality, crop yields and grain and crop residues analytical characteristics , main soil analytical characteristics per layer , the chemical composition of soil solution (collected with lysimeters), biological communities (microfauna and macrofauned sampling, microbial biomass ) and activities (enzymatic activities, mineralization of organic matter). Data will be stored in a common database specifically developed for the SOERE PRO network and connected with the other SOERE. Soil and plant samples are kept in collection and available for further measurements.

The site of Montiers, localized at the boundaries between Meuse and Haute-Marne departments, North-East of France, has a large surface area (143 ha). It comprises two soil successions (toposequence) and the climate, stand conditions (age, species, forest management) are equivalent on all the surface of the site. The facility comprises three biogeochemical stations of 10 000 m2 each and one flux tower above forest canopy (45 m-high) settled along a soil succession representative of soils of the region. The three stations include four substations of which three are strongly equipped and one is free for future experimentations. Each equipped substation comprises lysimeters at different soil depths (litter, -10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 3 replicates in general), tensio-lysimeters (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm, -90 cm and -120 cm; 3 replicates in general) and temperature and moisture probes at different soil depths (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 4 replicates), litterbags (6 replicates), stemflows (6 replicates), gutters (4 replicates). These stations allow to follow-up on the long term the flows of water, and major (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, S, C, N) and trace (Cl, Se, B, I, Cs) elements between the different compartments (soil, tree, atmosphere) of a beech forest. Each station is settled on a different soil type, i.e., alocrisol, calci-brunisol, rendosol thus allowing to assess the impact of the soil type on biogeochemical cycles and on tree growth. The flux tower is equipped with a Eddy Covariance system (CO2, H2O, and sensible heat) and a complete set of sensors recording the aerial and edaphic meterological conditions, the phenology and the canopy status. The data from flux tower are available on demand. The forest mainly consists in a beech timber of about 50 years: dominant species and forestry in the region. The effect of the soil on the biogeochemical and biological functioning of this beech forest is dealt with a very integrated approach (ecophysiology, microbiology, soil science and biogeochemistry). In addition, the flux tower permits to measure, at various levels of the canopy and above, meteorological parameters (temperature, radiation, and precipitation), the gaseous exchanges and the particular deposits.

Long term study of mixed forest of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex 55. Currently focused on carbon and water cycles, with routine measurements at the soil, plant, and ecosystem levels. Ecosystem manipulation consists in rainfall reduction and irrigation. Site is composed of : - a main enclosed area of 80x80 m ; - a 16 m tower supporting weather and eddy covariance measurements (ICOS level 2) - four 25x25 m plots (two inside and two outside the enclosed area) for 30% rainfall exclusion (with gutters), irrigation, control, and control with reversed gutters. In all plots, measurements are carried out for soil moisture, sap flow, stem diameter growth, leaf area index, litterfall, leaf water potential, and soil respiration.

Capsis is a simulation platform for forestry growth and dynamics models. It is a tool for forest scientists, forest managers and education and has been developed in the AMAP laboratory since 1999. Scientists who designed a forestry model may build a simulator in Capsis with the help of a developer according to the Capsis charter. This charter is accepted by all members and defines clear participation rules. It states that the software kernel is free software and that all the source codes for all the models are shared by all the Capsis modellers, an efficient way to promote mutualization between modellers.

Data obtained from the INRA CARRTEL laboratory in Thonon-les-Bains (SOERE-OLA: Observatory and Experimentation Systems for Environmental Research - LAkes Observatory) in collaboration with CISALB (Inter-Syndical Committee for Sanitation Lake Bourget). These data cover different topics: The variables of the physico-chemistry theme are: nitrogen, calcium, carbon, chlorides, conductivity, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphorus, potassium, reactive silica, sodium, sulphate, temperature, complete alkalimetric titre. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The water column is made at the deepest point of the lake (140 m). The samples are taken every 15 days. The period concerns a follow-up from 1999 to the present. The variables of the chlorophyll theme are: chlorophyll a strickland-parsons, chlorophyll c, carotenoids, chlorophyll a scor-unesco, pheopigments. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2006 to the present. The variables of the topic sampling conditions are: air temperature, cloudiness, sunshine, weather, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water aspect, surface condition, transparency, color of water. Studies are carried out approximately once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2010 to the present. The variables of the phytoplankton theme are: determiner name, sedimented volume, counting surface, determined taxon, number of counted fields, number of objects counted, number of objects per ml, number of cells per ml, biovolume of species In the sample. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 10m or 0 to 20m depending on the year. Samples are taken once a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1995 to the present. The variables of the primary production theme are: duration of incubation, primary production by actual incubation duration, primary production per hour, primary production by median third. Data taken at various depths on the lake's water column from 0 to 30m. The samples are taken once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2011 to the present. The variables of the probe theme are: depth, temperature, chlorophyll a, pH conductivity, oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, turbidity, transparency, by w, by a, pah, pc. Data obtained at various depths (every 10 cm approximately) over the whole water column of the lake (0 to 140m). Measurements are performed once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2003 to the present. The variables of the zooplankton theme are: name of the determiner, sedimented biovolume, name of the taxon determined, stage of development, number of individuals. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 50m. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1996 to the present (absence of data between 1997 and 2003 inclusive).

The site of Colmar is part of the French national network SOERE PRO (System of Observation and Experimentation for Environmental Research on Organic Residue Recycling). The objectives of the site of Colmar are to characterize the agronomic value of organic residues and their environmental impacts, in a long-term field experiment. It has been initiated in 2001 (INRA / SMRA68 / ADEME / Agence de l’Eau Rhin-Meuse partnership). The experimental site is located in Colmar (Alsace, France) with a continental climate. The soil is a calcisoil (surface layer: 24% clay, 69% silt, 7% sand / 2.4 % organic matter / pH 8.3). The trial is composed of 60 plots of 90 m² (10 m x 9 m) on 2.2 hectares with 4 replicate blocks of 6 organic treatments randomly distributed within each block: Urban sewage sludge, Composted sewage sludge, Biowaste compost, Farmyard manure, Composted Farmyard manure, Control without organic amendment. The organic amendments are spread every 2 years on the same nitrogen rate of 170 kg/ha. The different treatments received 2 levels of additional mineral fertilizer: without or optimum mineral fertilization. The crops rotation is corn maize / winter wheat / sugar beet / malting barley. Site and plots are equipped for continuous monitoring of meteorological data, soil humidity, water tension and temperature. One plot of each treatment is equipped with wick lysimeters to a depth of 0.45 m. Since 2009, six large lysimeters (4m² and 1m deep, bare soil) complete the field experiment, with 2 replicates of 3 organic treatments: Urban sewage sludge, Composted sewage sludge and Control without organic amendment. They are also equipped to measure the hydrodynamic balance: soil humidity, water tension, temperature, volume of leachate. A Large set of variables mainly including nutrients and pollutants (trace elements, PAH, PCB), are monitored on different compartments of the agro-system: organic amendments physico-chemical and biochemical characteristics, soils analytical characteristics per layer, crop yields, plants quality, rainwater chemical composition, leachate, microbial biomass and activities. Data will be stored in a common database specifically developed for the SOERE PRO network and connected with other SOERE. Soils, organic amendments and plants samples are kept in collection and available for further measurements.

AnaEE France has brought together in an integrated network a unique collection of experimental platforms in controlled, semi-natural or natural environments, analysis platforms and shared instruments as well as modeling platforms and Database Information Systems, all devoted to the biology of continental ecosystems. The infrastructure is built around three main service offerings that provide access to a range of experimental facilities: the Très Grande Infrastructure de Recherche des Écotrons - Écotrons Very Large Research Infrastructure, four experimental platforms in semi-natural environments, and some 20 natural sites in metropolitan France and French Guiana where long-term experiments are conducted in forests, pastures, lakes and crops. In the field of environmental microbiology, AnaEE France is also investing in the shared instruments and analytical resources required for a detailed characterization of the environment and microorganisms. In a single integrated network it provides all the tools required to study, understand and model biological systems and conduct innovative biological research on gene - environment interactions, biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems.