Data obtained from the INRA CARRTEL laboratory in Thonon-les-Bains (SOERE-OLA: Observatory and Experimentation Systems for Environmental Research - LAkes Observatory) in collaboration with CISALB (Inter-Syndical Committee for Sanitation Lake Bourget). These data cover different topics: The variables of the physico-chemistry theme are: nitrogen, calcium, carbon, chlorides, conductivity, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphorus, potassium, reactive silica, sodium, sulphate, temperature, complete alkalimetric titre. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The water column is made at the deepest point of the lake (140 m). The samples are taken every 15 days. The period concerns a follow-up from 1999 to the present. The variables of the chlorophyll theme are: chlorophyll a strickland-parsons, chlorophyll c, carotenoids, chlorophyll a scor-unesco, pheopigments. Data taken at various depths throughout the lake's water column. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2006 to the present. The variables of the topic sampling conditions are: air temperature, cloudiness, sunshine, weather, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water aspect, surface condition, transparency, color of water. Studies are carried out approximately once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2010 to the present. The variables of the phytoplankton theme are: determiner name, sedimented volume, counting surface, determined taxon, number of counted fields, number of objects counted, number of objects per ml, number of cells per ml, biovolume of species In the sample. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 10m or 0 to 20m depending on the year. Samples are taken once a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1995 to the present. The variables of the primary production theme are: duration of incubation, primary production by actual incubation duration, primary production per hour, primary production by median third. Data taken at various depths on the lake's water column from 0 to 30m. The samples are taken once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2011 to the present. The variables of the probe theme are: depth, temperature, chlorophyll a, pH conductivity, oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, turbidity, transparency, by w, by a, pah, pc. Data obtained at various depths (every 10 cm approximately) over the whole water column of the lake (0 to 140m). Measurements are performed once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2003 to the present. The variables of the zooplankton theme are: name of the determiner, sedimented biovolume, name of the taxon determined, stage of development, number of individuals. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 50m. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 1996 to the present (absence of data between 1997 and 2003 inclusive).

Data from the INRA CARRTEL laboratory in Thonon-les-Bains (SOERE-OLA: Observation and Experimental Systems for Environmental Research - LAkes Observatory) in collaboration with ASTERS (Conservatory of natural areas, preservation of the natural heritage of Haute-Savoie, nature reserves, fauna and flora species). The sentinel lakes are the lakes of: Anterne, Brévent, Bressse inf, Bresse sup, Horn, Cornu, Cos, Jovet, Lauzanier, Malrif, Muzelle, Pave, Pétarel, Pisses, Plan-Vanniey, Porménaz, Rabuons. These data cover different topics: The variables of the physico-chemistry theme are: nitrogen, calcium, carbon, chlorides, conductivity, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphorus, potassium, reactive silica, sodium, sulphate, temperature, complete alkalimetric titre. Data taken at various depths over the whole water column of the lakes concerned (Anterne, Brévent, Cornu, Jovet, Porménaz). The water column is made at the deepest point of each lake. The samples are taken every 15 days. The period concerns a follow-up from 1992 to the present. The variables of the sampling conditions theme (obtained on all the sentinel lakes) are: air temperature, cloudiness, sunshine, weather, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water aspect, Surface, transparency, color of water. Studies are carried out approximately once or twice a month. The period concerns a follow-up since 2013 (or 2014 according to the lakes) until today. The variables of the phytoplankton theme are: determiner name, sedimented volume, counting surface, determined taxon, number of counted fields, number of objects counted, number of objects per ml, number of cells per ml, biovolume of species In the sample. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 5m, 0 to 17m or 0 to 25m depending on the lakes (Anterne, Brévent, Corne, Cornu, Cos, Jovet, Porménaz, Rabuons). Samples are taken once a month. The period concerns a follow-up since 1998 (or 2015 according to the lakes) until today. The variables of the zooplankton theme are: name of the determiner, sedimented biovolume, name of the taxon determined, stage of development, number of individuals. Data taken from an integrated depth of 0 to 24 m for Lake Corne, 0 to 37 m for Cos Lake and 0 to 44 m for Lake Rabuons. The samples are taken one to three times a month. The period concerns a follow-up from 2015 to the present.

The site of Montiers, localized at the boundaries between Meuse and Haute-Marne departments, North-East of France, has a large surface area (143 ha). It comprises two soil successions (toposequence) and the climate, stand conditions (age, species, forest management) are equivalent on all the surface of the site. The facility comprises three biogeochemical stations of 10 000 m2 each and one flux tower above forest canopy (45 m-high) settled along a soil succession representative of soils of the region. The three stations include four substations of which three are strongly equipped and one is free for future experimentations. Each equipped substation comprises lysimeters at different soil depths (litter, -10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 3 replicates in general), tensio-lysimeters (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm, -90 cm and -120 cm; 3 replicates in general) and temperature and moisture probes at different soil depths (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 4 replicates), litterbags (6 replicates), stemflows (6 replicates), gutters (4 replicates). These stations allow to follow-up on the long term the flows of water, and major (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, S, C, N) and trace (Cl, Se, B, I, Cs) elements between the different compartments (soil, tree, atmosphere) of a beech forest. Each station is settled on a different soil type, i.e., alocrisol, calci-brunisol, rendosol thus allowing to assess the impact of the soil type on biogeochemical cycles and on tree growth. The flux tower is equipped with a Eddy Covariance system (CO2, H2O, and sensible heat) and a complete set of sensors recording the aerial and edaphic meterological conditions, the phenology and the canopy status. The data from flux tower are available on demand. The forest mainly consists in a beech timber of about 50 years: dominant species and forestry in the region. The effect of the soil on the biogeochemical and biological functioning of this beech forest is dealt with a very integrated approach (ecophysiology, microbiology, soil science and biogeochemistry). In addition, the flux tower permits to measure, at various levels of the canopy and above, meteorological parameters (temperature, radiation, and precipitation), the gaseous exchanges and the particular deposits.

Located in the French Pyrenees, the Metatron comprises 48 units, each stretches 100-m² * 2-m height, where we can manipulate climatic conditions (temperature, humidity or solar radiation). Units are connected by corridors allowing migration from one environment to another. The Metatron focuses on climatic effects on population dynamics, especially in the framework of the global warming and fragmentation.

This SOERE aims at understanding and modelling the dynamics and ecological functioning of lake ecosystems affected by local and global forcing factors. Four peri -alpine lakes (Lakes Geneva , Annecy, Bourget, Aiguebelette) and their watersheds are monitored. These systems represent important natural resources and meet key societal demands (drinking water, fishing, tourism, biodiversity ... ) . The services provided by the Soere relates to both long-term in situ observation and experimentation. The observatory task is based on logistic, technical and analytical supports for (i) collecting environmental data (physico- chemical and biological), (ii) creating and managing database (ii) organizing the storage of reference biological samples. The accession to the data is possible according to the 'Terms & Conditions of Use' of the Soere Database. The SOERE OLA can provide logistic supports for sampling, in situ measurements and experimentation on Lake Geneva. This service is submitted to validation according to the " Logistic Support Leman" service charter. Other lake sites have joined the SOERE more recently, especially high lakes (sentinel lakes) and a model lake (meromictic), Lake Pavin. The SOERE OLA has Allenvi label.

The COPAS project (Canopy Operating Permanent Acces System) is a canopy-access system of a novel type. Three 45-m poles have been set up spaced about 180 m from each other in a triangular shape. They are linked through cables above the canopy. A one-person seat is hung to the system and motors permit the passenger to travel in three dimensions of space. The three towers represent a total footprint of ca. 1.5 ha. (Forecast date of operation : 2014)

Rubberflux is a flux tower site aiming at providing a complete picture of CO2, water and energy budget of a rubber tree plantation using the eddy-covariance (EC) method combined with ground-based measurements of carbon/water stocks and flux among the different components of the ecosystem. This approach allows quantifying flux (NEE an ETR), partitioning them among tree organs, soil, understorey vegetation (etc.…), and eventually understanding the interactions with climate and the availability of soil resources (water, nutrients). This is a common approach to 3 other flux tower sites on tropical tree plantations managed by CIRAD’s researchers within the umbrella of the SOERE F-ORE-T network. The Rubberflux site is located in Thailand, about 140km east of Bangkok. It was set-up in 2006 in a 12 years rubber plantation of the Chachoengsao Rubber Research Centre (CRRC), a research facility of the Rubber Research Institute of Thailand (RRIT). The collaboration with CRRC staff has also permitted to implement studies on a chronosequence of rubber plantations. A CIRAD’s researcher has been permanently based in Thailand since then to ensure the functioning of the site in collaboration with the staff of CRRC and a research team from Kasetsart University (KU). The research works conducted on the Rubberflux site have been funded by CIRAD and KU with substantial contribution of the Thai Research Fund (TRF), the SOERE FORET and the French Embassy in Thailand.

Together with the Ecotron de Montpellier, the Ecotron IleDeFrance is part of the distributed “Infrastructure de Recherche” (IR) managed and supported by CNRS and Ecole normale supérieure since 2010. Ecotrons enable highly controlled manipulation and measurement of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, communities and ecosystems with unprecedented power and quality. On a technological side, an Ecotron is defined as a device allowing the precise conditioning of the environment and the detailed monitoring of states and activities of organisms and ecosystems. Ecotrons allow studying a range of small to medium sized biological systems from relatively complex ecosystems (e.g., intact samples of grasslands) to model plant and animal species up to reconstructed ecosystems (e.g., artificial life support models). Ecotrons can thus be used to confine ecosystems from in natura sites and therefore conduct detailed, controlled experiments on natural ecosystems. The Ecotron IleDeFrance is based on technologies implemented in the Ecolab equipment and developed primarily in collaboration with the French private company Cesbron. The Ecolab is a modular structure coupling together three environmental chambers and one laboratory room. Each environmental chamber can be independently controlled accurately for realistic climate and atmospheric conditions (temperature, humidity, CO2 and O2 content, lighting) with unprecedented power and accuracy. A stainless steel lysimeter with temperature-control on three independent levels makes it possible to incubate both terrestrial and aquatic systems and simulate thermal gradients. Artificial light can be provided with several technologies to adapt to the needs and constraints of each project. The Ecotron IleDeFrance combines several Ecolabs into a network making it possible to run powerful, replicated experiments.

UMS BBEES provides the CNRS and the National Museum of Natural History’s research units and researchers with technical and scientific supports to structure, perpetuate or pool their databases. Its interventions result in advices or direct actions during several days to several months in order to relaunch or restructure databases. It benefits the environment in place at the Museum (Service du Patrimoine Naturel, Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel, collections patrimoniales, Pôle recherche de la DSI, etc). This structure is not designed to administer databases, which remain the responsibility of the teams that produce them, or to provide them with accommodation, which may be the DSI of the Museum or other suitable structure. However, it can provide guidance on these points. To facilitate the integration of databases in national and international frameworks, the UMS BBEES offers recommendations, including: - The constitution of corpus and data processing; - The choice of tools; - Structuring data; - Metadata. These recommendations are in line with the operative standards and norms, such as the European Directive INSPIRE (2007/2 / CE of 14 March 2007) for geographical informations, or the choice of a common taxonomic repository for existing biodiversity databases (INPN, GBIF, collections databases). The issue of identification and accessibility of databases is also at the heart of the concerns of the UMS BBEES, particularly the inactive databases (for example databases developed in the framework of national programs and stored on personal computers) and bases on standby (accessible databases, but are not supplied or operated). Investigations are and will be regularly conducted with the directors of research units in order to identify all the databases produced by the units (inactive standby, developing and active), but also to anticipate and accompany the bases of development applications as part of national and international research programs. UMS BBEES gave a particular attention to the implementation of regulations concerning intellectual property in the particular field of databases. Thus, it does not facilitate the dissemination of databases that do not comply with legislation.  

The Barbeau research facility is located in a 33-ha forest located nearby the Fontainebleau forest. Barbeau is a mature sessile Oak stand with a Hornbeam understory. Since 2005, a monitoring facility has continuously been measuring : - the exchanges of carbon and water vapour between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere (through the eddy covariance (EC) methodology, installed at the top of a 35-m “flux” tower, and through organ-scale photosynthesis and respiration set-ups; 30-min time step) - the atmosphere and forest microclimates (above and within the canopy, including incoming, absorbed and reflected radiations in several spectral bands, temperatures, humidity; 30-min time step) - key variables for understanding forest functioning (e.g. tree diameter / biomass growth and soil water content on a hourly to weekly basis, tree organs nutrient contents on a seasonal basis, leaf area index on an annual basis etc.) The instruments are co-located in a 2500-m² fenced area. However, the monitored “footprints” of sole instruments ranges from a few cm3soil (e.g. measurements of soil temperature) up to hectares (e.g. integrated measurements of co2 and h2o exchanges with the EC method). Beside this ensemble of continuously monitored variables, spatial surveys of the stand characteristics (e.g. tree growth, soil properties and C/N contents, soil respiration, leaf area) and large-scale experiments (e.g. 13C-enriched CO2 labelling) are regularly conducted in Barbeau.