The site of EFELE (Effluents d’Elevage et Environnement) is part of the french network labeled as SOERE PRO. The objectives of EFELE are the same as QualiAgro and Colmar sites : the aim of the project is to characterize the long term effects of organic products applications on soil properties and to quantify their effects on water and air quality. The experimental site was initiated in 2012 and is located in Brittany, at Le Rheu. The soil is a loamy soil (neoluvisol à luvisol/redoxisol). The field is managed with a maize/ wheat crop rotation, and white mustard is sown after the wheat to cover the soil during the intercropping period. Two trials are studied at EFELE site : - A first trial named « PROs » is structured as a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates. The effects of 5 typical animal wastes are compared to control treatments : i) cattle farmyard manure and composted pig manure are applied every 2 years before maize sowing, and ii) layers manure, pig slurry and a digestate obtained after pig slurry digestion are applied in spring, on wheat vegetation at early spring or just before maize sowing. The rates of application range from 50 t ha-1 for cattle manure, 25 t ha-1 for composted pig manure, 20-25 t ha-1 for the slurry and the digestate and 3 t ha-1 for layers manure, - A second trial named « TS/MO » is structured as a band trial with 3 replicates. The objectives of this trial are to study the effects of cattle farmyard manure on soil properties under conventional tillage and reduced tillage. The meteorological data are monitored on the site, and 7 experimental plots are equipped with TDR probes (TRASE system), tensiometers (UMS T4e) and temperature probes placed at the depth of 13, 40, 60, 80 and 110 cm. Data are collected at a hourly time step. 10 plots are also equipped with wick lysimeters (0.25 x 0.50 m) placed at the depth of 40 and 90 cm. The monitoring of N2O and CO2 emission is done by a set of 6 automatics chambers. The soil surface layer (0-25 cm) is sampled every year before the animal wastes application, to characterize the evolution of the physical, biological and chemical properties. Soil, plant and animal wastes samples are kept in collection.

The site of Colmar is part of the French national network SOERE PRO (System of Observation and Experimentation for Environmental Research on Organic Residue Recycling). The objectives of the site of Colmar are to characterize the agronomic value of organic residues and their environmental impacts, in a long-term field experiment. It has been initiated in 2001 (INRA / SMRA68 / ADEME / Agence de l’Eau Rhin-Meuse partnership). The experimental site is located in Colmar (Alsace, France) with a continental climate. The soil is a calcisoil (surface layer: 24% clay, 69% silt, 7% sand / 2.4 % organic matter / pH 8.3). The trial is composed of 60 plots of 90 m² (10 m x 9 m) on 2.2 hectares with 4 replicate blocks of 6 organic treatments randomly distributed within each block: Urban sewage sludge, Composted sewage sludge, Biowaste compost, Farmyard manure, Composted Farmyard manure, Control without organic amendment. The organic amendments are spread every 2 years on the same nitrogen rate of 170 kg/ha. The different treatments received 2 levels of additional mineral fertilizer: without or optimum mineral fertilization. The crops rotation is corn maize / winter wheat / sugar beet / malting barley. Site and plots are equipped for continuous monitoring of meteorological data, soil humidity, water tension and temperature. One plot of each treatment is equipped with wick lysimeters to a depth of 0.45 m. Since 2009, six large lysimeters (4m² and 1m deep, bare soil) complete the field experiment, with 2 replicates of 3 organic treatments: Urban sewage sludge, Composted sewage sludge and Control without organic amendment. They are also equipped to measure the hydrodynamic balance: soil humidity, water tension, temperature, volume of leachate. A Large set of variables mainly including nutrients and pollutants (trace elements, PAH, PCB), are monitored on different compartments of the agro-system: organic amendments physico-chemical and biochemical characteristics, soils analytical characteristics per layer, crop yields, plants quality, rainwater chemical composition, leachate, microbial biomass and activities. Data will be stored in a common database specifically developed for the SOERE PRO network and connected with other SOERE. Soils, organic amendments and plants samples are kept in collection and available for further measurements.

The Barbeau research facility is located in a 33-ha forest located nearby the Fontainebleau forest. Barbeau is a mature sessile Oak stand with a Hornbeam understory. Since 2005, a monitoring facility has continuously been measuring : - the exchanges of carbon and water vapour between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere (through the eddy covariance (EC) methodology, installed at the top of a 35-m “flux” tower, and through organ-scale photosynthesis and respiration set-ups; 30-min time step) - the atmosphere and forest microclimates (above and within the canopy, including incoming, absorbed and reflected radiations in several spectral bands, temperatures, humidity; 30-min time step) - key variables for understanding forest functioning (e.g. tree diameter / biomass growth and soil water content on a hourly to weekly basis, tree organs nutrient contents on a seasonal basis, leaf area index on an annual basis etc.) The instruments are co-located in a 2500-m² fenced area. However, the monitored “footprints” of sole instruments ranges from a few cm3soil (e.g. measurements of soil temperature) up to hectares (e.g. integrated measurements of co2 and h2o exchanges with the EC method). Beside this ensemble of continuously monitored variables, spatial surveys of the stand characteristics (e.g. tree growth, soil properties and C/N contents, soil respiration, leaf area) and large-scale experiments (e.g. 13C-enriched CO2 labelling) are regularly conducted in Barbeau.

Each site has three common treatments: a control (C), a compacted treatment (T), a compacted and decompacted treatment (D), and more specific ones, locally decompacted soil (P) at Azerailles 54, and, limed (A) and limed and compacted (CA) at Clermont en Argonne 55. Each treatment plot of 0.25ha is replicated three times (3 blocks). Azerailles site was installed in spring 2007 and Clermont in spring 2008. Since that time monitoring occured for: -mesoclimate: rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, bulk deposition (continuous recording) - soil climate: soil moisture (TDR Trase system (5 replicates at 15 and 60 cm depth) in one replicate of C and T (recorded each four hours) - water table: 2 piezometers in each replicate of treatments (Divers hourly recorded); monthly sampling using specific devices for Redox problems - weakly fixed soil water: cup lysimeters inserted at 15 and 60 cm depth (4 replicates in one block for C and T treatments) + teatments A and CA at Clermont en Argonne. Automate for constant vacuum at 700hP. Monthly collection for chemical analysis - soil gas: specific captors installed at 5, 10, 20, 35, 50 and 70 cm depth in each C and T treatments of the 3 blocks in the 2 sites. Monthly collection for chemical analysis (N, CO2, CH4, N2O, O2) -soil solid phase: soil morphology, soils physics, chemistry and biology (pro parte) were initialy described. Soil physical parameters (strengh, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, swelling/shrinkage, porosity...), chemistry (C, N, exchangeable cations, P) and biology (earthworms) are perediodicaly investigated (each year for physics; 2/3 years for chemistry and biology). vegetation: both understorey and oak plantation were annually observed soil biology: earthworms are periodically observed