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The underground geothermal conditions can be presented, irrespective of the aquifers' position, with the appropriate geothermal maps. This map shows the expected depths of the isotherm of 150 °C and is made with data from 191 boreholes. In a way, it is the inverse of those ordinary temperature maps showing the temperature at certain depths. It is made on the basis of measured temperatures in accessible boreholes throughout the country. However, since the temperature field depends on the geological structure in the depths and tectonic characteristics, the course of contours results of many influences, such as thermal conductivity of rocks, permeability and fracturing of rocks, all of which are reflected in the measured temperatures in boreholes. However, the permeability and fracturing of rocks decrease with greater depths, which are for this map in the west and south and in parts of northern Slovenia quite great to this isotherm. The distribution of boreholes, which were useful for the measurement of temperature, is very uneven, and different as regard the depths. The map of depths to 150 °C isotherm shows a positive anomaly in the northeastern part of Slovenia. As a result of thin Earth's crust in the area and the higher conductive heat flow from the Earth's mantle, there are higher temperatures and thus are inversely smaller depths to the isotherm of 150 °C.
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Map represents the calculated (surface) heat-flow density (HFD) in mW/m2 with topographic correction. It is made with data from 119 boreholes from the measured temperatures in the available boreholes and measured thermal conductivity on cored rock samples from the same boreholes. The pattern of the HFD isolines is affected by numerous parameters, particularly the thermal conductivity of rocks, rock permeability and fracturing, fluid content of the rocks, and all are reflected in the measured temperature gradient in the boreholes.
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The underground geothermal conditions can be presented, irrespective of the aquifers' position, with the appropriate geothermal maps. This map shows the expected depths of the isotherm of 90 °C and is made with data from 191 boreholes. In a way, it is the inverse of those ordinary temperature maps showing the temperature at certain depths. It is made on the basis of measured temperatures in accessible boreholes throughout the country. However, since the temperature field depends on the geological structure in the depths and tectonic characteristics, the course contours result of many influences, such as thermal conductivity of rocks, permeability and fracturing of rocks, all of which are reflected in the measured temperatures in boreholes. The distribution of boreholes, which were useful for the measurement of temperature, is very uneven, and different as regard the depths. The map of depths to 90 °C isotherm shows a positive anomaly in the northeastern part of Slovenia. As a result of thin Earth's crust in the area and the higher conductive heat flow from the Earth's mantle, there are higher temperatures and thus are inversely smaller depths to isotherm of 90 °C.
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The site of Montiers, localized at the boundaries between Meuse and Haute-Marne departments, North-East of France, has a large surface area (143 ha). It comprises two soil successions (toposequence) and the climate, stand conditions (age, species, forest management) are equivalent on all the surface of the site. The facility comprises three biogeochemical stations of 10 000 m2 each and one flux tower above forest canopy (45 m-high) settled along a soil succession representative of soils of the region. The three stations include four substations of which three are strongly equipped and one is free for future experimentations. Each equipped substation comprises lysimeters at different soil depths (litter, -10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 3 replicates in general), tensio-lysimeters (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm, -90 cm and -120 cm; 3 replicates in general) and temperature and moisture probes at different soil depths (-10 cm, -30 cm, -60 cm and -90 cm; 4 replicates), litterbags (6 replicates), stemflows (6 replicates), gutters (4 replicates). These stations allow to follow-up on the long term the flows of water, and major (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, S, C, N) and trace (Cl, Se, B, I, Cs) elements between the different compartments (soil, tree, atmosphere) of a beech forest. Each station is settled on a different soil type, i.e., alocrisol, calci-brunisol, rendosol thus allowing to assess the impact of the soil type on biogeochemical cycles and on tree growth. The flux tower is equipped with a Eddy Covariance system (CO2, H2O, and sensible heat) and a complete set of sensors recording the aerial and edaphic meterological conditions, the phenology and the canopy status. The data from flux tower are available on demand. The forest mainly consists in a beech timber of about 50 years: dominant species and forestry in the region. The effect of the soil on the biogeochemical and biological functioning of this beech forest is dealt with a very integrated approach (ecophysiology, microbiology, soil science and biogeochemistry). In addition, the flux tower permits to measure, at various levels of the canopy and above, meteorological parameters (temperature, radiation, and precipitation), the gaseous exchanges and the particular deposits.